Dental Health in Pets: Signs, Prevention, and Treatment

Why dental health matters

• Periodontal disease is one of the most common clinical conditions in cats and dogs.

• Untreated plaque and tartar lead to gingivitis, loose teeth, pain, and infections that can affect overall health and quality of life.

Signs your pet may have dental disease

• Bad breath (halitosis)

• Red or bleeding gums, drooling

• Pawing at the mouth, dropping food, chewing on one side

• Visible tartar or loose/chipped teeth

• Reduced appetite, weight loss, or irritability

Prevention at home

• Daily tooth brushing with a pet-safe toothpaste and soft brush

• Veterinary-endorsed dental diets or dental chews (VOHC-approved where possible)

• Avoid very hard chews (e.g., antlers, bones) that can fracture teeth

• Start early with positive reinforcement to build a routine

When a professional dental is needed

• Visible tartar build-up, gingivitis, fractured or mobile teeth, or persistent bad breath

• Dental radiographs (X-rays) under general anaesthesia often required to assess tooth roots

• Scaling and polishing above and below the gumline; extractions if teeth are diseased or painful

Safety and anaesthesia

• Pre-anaesthetic exam and tailored protocols improve safety

• IV fluids, monitoring (ECG, blood pressure, SpO2), and heat support

• Pain relief and antibiotics when indicated

Aftercare and long-term plan

• Soft food if extractions were performed

• Continue home dental care (brushing + dental chews)

• Rechecks to adjust the plan as your pet ages